Ahead of World Osteoporosis Day on October 20, it is vital to raise awareness about osteoporosis - a silent disease that progressively weakens bones over time. Often, people discover they have osteoporosis only after a minor slip or low-impact fall results in a severe fracture. According to the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men over the age of 50 will experience an osteoporosis-related fracture during their lifetime. Root causes behind the condition: Osteoporosis is not simply an inevitable consequence of getting old. In India, several compounding factors accelerate bone loss and muscle deterioration:- Nutritional deficiencies: Inadequate dietary intake of calcium and widespread Vitamin D deficiency severely impair bone mineralisation (osteomalacia). Declining hormonal levels: Bone loss accelerates during and after menopause due to falling oestrogen levels. Loss of muscle strength (Sarcopenia): Fragile bones often coexist with reduced muscle mass and strength, leading to poor balance, slower protective reflexes, and an increased risk of falls.

 

Unhealthy lifestyle: Physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and long-term use of corticosteroids significantly increase vulnerability. Key precautions to prevent osteoporosis and falls: Prevention should begin early in life and continue through older age. Shifting from treating fractures to proactive prevention involves taking these necessary steps: Optimize nutrition: Consume a calcium- and protein-rich diet including dairy, pulses, soy, and nuts. Check Vitamin D levels regularly and rectify deficiencies under medical advice. Regular resistance exercise: Combine weight-bearing activities with resistance training and balance exercises to keep both bones and supporting muscles strong. Prevent home falls: Modify home environments -especially bathrooms - by installing grab bars, using non-slip flooring, ensuring adequate lighting, and removing loose rugs or trip hazards. Early screening: Women approaching menopause, individuals with a family history of fractures, or those experiencing early warning signs (such as persistent bone pain, difficulty rising from a chair, or slow walking speed) should undergo a DEXA scan to assess bone density. Treating bone health requires a complete approach: strong bones matter, but strong muscles, proper nutrition, and a safe home environment make all the difference in preventing life-altering injuries. The author is President of Trauma Society of India; President of Osteoporosis Society of India; and Director, Sushrut Hospital, Nagpur)