A baby’s first cry is often the most awaited sound for a family, but when that cry comes earlier than expected or the newborn weighs less than 2.5 kg, the journey can become more challenging. According to medical experts, in Nagpur, around 13 per cent of babies are estimated to be affected by premature birth and low birth weight, highlighting the need for greater attention to maternal health, nutrition and lifestyle during pregnancy. Doctors say what happens during the nine months of pregnancy can significantly influence when a baby arrives and how well it is prepared for life outside the womb. Anaemia, infections, high blood pressure, poor nutrition and other pregnancy complications can increase the risk of premature delivery, while changing food habits, stress and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle are adding to concerns. Dr Snehal Joshi, gynecologist and microbiologist, said, “Vaginal infections during pregnancy should never be ignored. If the mother has anaemia or an infection during pregnancy, it can lead to preterm delivery. Vaginal infections, high blood pressure and repeated abortions can also increase the risk.” A baby born before completing 37 weeks of pregnancy is considered premature.

 

Since the baby gets less time to grow inside the womb, premature babies frequently have a low birth weight. However, low birth weight can also occur in babies born at full term when their growth inside the womb is restricted. The challenges do not end with an early delivery. Premature babies may have immature lungs and immune systems, making them more vulnerable to breathing problems and infections. Dr Rupeshri Bhoyar, another gynaecologist, stressed pregnant women should not treat diet and supplements as secondary concerns, as adequate protein, iron, folic acid, calcium and other nutrients are essential for the mother as well as the growing baby. “Smoking, tobacco and alcohol should be completely avoided during pregnancy, and exposure to passive smoking should also be minimised. A balanced diet, adequate rest, hydration, appropriate physical activity and stress management can further support a healthy pregnancy,” she added. Women with a history of repeated abortions or previous pregnancy complications should inform their gynaecologist early and undergo appropriate monitoring. Bleeding, fluid leakage, regular contractions, fever, severe abdominal or back pain or reduced foetal movements should not be ignored. Doctors stress that timely antenatal care and early treatment of complications can make the difference between an uncomplicated pregnancy and a premature arrival.