INDIA and Australia on Thursday sealed a raft of landmark pacts spanning civil nuclear energy, maritime security and critical minerals sectors, as Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Australian counterpart Anthony Albanese reinforced the vital role of the bilateral partnership in ensuring a peaceful Indo-Pacific. The agreement on civil nuclear energy to facilitate the commercial supply of uranium from Australia to India to fuel New Delhi’s nuclear power projects came nearly 12 years after the two countries inked a historic civil nuclear cooperation pact. In another significant decision, India and Australia decided to work expeditiously to firm up the proposed Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement as well as a bilateral investment protection framework. A joint declaration on defence and security cooperation, a maritime security collaboration roadmap, a joint statement on energy security and a partnership for cyber, critical technologies and supply chains were among 18 pacts signed following summit talks between the two prime ministers. Modi described as “unparalleled” the outcomes from his talks with Albanese, especially in areas of renewable energy, climate action, nuclear energy, critical minerals, technology and education. The agreements sealed at the summit also included one between the Indian Coast Guard (ICG) and the Maritime Border Command (MBC) of Australia and it will provide cooperation in the fields of maritime law enforcement, domain awareness, and maritime border protection. The two sides also vowed to work closely in shipbuilding, ship repair and maintenance. Modi landed in Australia from Indonesia on the second leg of his three-nation tour that is aimed at boosting trade, energy and defence ties against the backdrop of an increasingly fractured geopolitical environment. Under the provisions of the energy security framework, India and Australia vowed to strengthen energy security by maintaining a stable, secure and reliable supply of coal, diesel, other liquid fuels and natural gas.

 

The maritime security roadmap provides for defence and security collaboration with a long-term perspective to enhance collective strength besides deepening cooperation in the defence industrial sector to co-develop military hardware and build supply chain resilience. It will also accelerate efforts to build interoperability and information sharing between the defence forces of the two sides and expand aircraft deployments from each other’s territories, the document said. “Today, we have signed an important agreement in the field of nuclear energy. This will open the way for uranium supplies from Australia to India and give new impetus to our clean energy objectives,” Modi elaborated. “Our cooperation in critical minerals is vital to our strategic security and clean energy transition. With this in mind, today we have launched the Australia-India Partnership on Cyber, Critical Technologies, and Supply Chains,” he said. The Prime Minister said both sides will also work together on a critical minerals corridor. Modi also mentioned growing engagement between the two countries in the defence domain and emphasised the importance of a free and stable Indo-Pacific. The new initiatives to bolster defence ties came amid growing concerns over China’s increasing military muscle-flexing in the Indo-Pacific. “The Indo-Pacific is not just the confluence of two oceans. It also symbolises the shared aspirations of like-minded democracies like India and Australia,” he said. “Today, we have issued an important Joint Declaration to enhance cooperation in defence and security. Through the India-Australia Defence Innovation Corridor, we will work to connect defence startups and industries,” he said. The Prime Minister said the India-Australia Maritime Security Collaboration Roadmap will give new impetus to shared efforts in the Indo-Pacific. “We will also move forward together in shipbuilding, ship repair, and maintenance.”

 

An announcement was also made on the deployment of an Indian military instructor in the Australian Defence College for 2028-29. Describing India and Australia as two vibrant democracies and ocean powers, Modi said the common worldview of the two countries is an inspiration to continue moving forward with deep mutual trust. “The Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement signed in 2022 has steadily expanded our trade and investment horizons. We have now decided to expedite work on the Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA), which will be balanced, ambitious, and a win-win for both countries. We will also move forward rapidly on the Bilateral Investment Treaty,” he said. Modi also said that India and Australia recognised that terrorism poses a serious challenge not just to any one country, but to all of humanity. “Therefore, our fight against terrorism is shared, our resolve unwavering, and our cooperation continues to strengthen,” he said. “We also believe that the tensions and conflicts raging in many parts of the world can only be resolved through dialogue and diplomacy. Together, we will further strengthen peace, stability, freedom of navigation, and a rules-based order throughout the Indo-Pacific region,” he said. In his remarks, Albanese said Australia’s relationship with India has never been more consequential than it is today. The Australian Prime Minister said the pact on nuclear energy will facilitate uranium exports from Australia to India for peaceful purposes. “The arrangement facilitates Australian uranium exports to India to help increase the share of non-fossil fuel power capacity, providing an additional market for the Australian resources sector,” he said.